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Every person in this modern world seeks good quality of life. It can include quality food, clothing, gadgets, and other things which sum up a good lifestyle. But does anyone give a thought to the key element one requires for survival? We all know that water is extremely essential for the existence of living beings and its quality plays an important role.
On reaching the earth’s surface as precipitation, water collects various substances like gases, dust particles, traces of minerals and the properties that define natural water. It as well gains a certain temperature. This water later changes its qualities upon reaching the surface and also while percolating into the ground. These qualities change due to pollutants such as organic, inorganic and persistent substances. This causes water pollution and its usability reduces as compared to its availability.
Modernization is great, but it is leading to rising in the toxicity levels of the available water bodies, which is further deteriorating the water quality, therefore increasing water scarcity issues all around the globe. In India, 70% of the surface water is unfit for consumption. Such polluted water can lead to a loss of about half of the GDP growth.
Also, drinking such water can cause the spread of water-borne diseases. Hence before reaching the consumers, different processes are carried out on the water to make it consumable. When water quality comes into the picture, it is checked for various parameters which are as follows:
These parameters, when present in water beyond the permissible limit, can be harmful for consumption. The Bureau of Indian Standard (BIS) conducted water quality tests at the major state capitals. The tests concluded that Maharashtra’s capital city Mumbai has the safest municipal water supply as it passed the quality tests for all 11 important parameters. On the other hand, the nation’s capital city Delhi failed every single quality test. One can picture the situation among the citizens of the capital city knowing the quality of water being supplied to them is harmful.
To get rid of these pollutants, the water needs to be treated before it is supplied to the consumers. The characteristics and water quality of the raw water are required to decide the type and extent of treatment. Generally, this treatment is designed as per the quality requirements of potable water. The methods adopted for the treatment of water are
Depending solely upon the quality of water to be treated, a combination of some of these methods is decided.
Water is an essential component of society pertaining to its role in drinking, manufacturing, agriculture, energy production and similar other sectors. From all the water available around the globe, 1.2% is the freshwater available on the surface and useful for human beings, and only 23.5% of this water is accessible. This availability of freshwater is affected by climate change, water demand, landscape and management.
If an ample quantity of water is available, how much of it can be useful is uncertain, and its insufficiency leads to water scarcity. Even when faced with water scarcity, it sometimes can meet public and environmental demands. But if it fails then it is called a water risk. This freshwater must be preserved, conserved and properly managed for the sake of sustainability i.e. to maintain it for future generations. Complete eradication of unwanted wastage of water is nearly impossible, but if planned well and taken care of individually, it surely can be reduced to a greater extent.
For the sustainability of freshwater, human beings need to prepare proper usage plans and manage the existing water. Also, by treating the polluted water, the toxicity levels can be reduced and the same treated water can be reutilized. This might lessen the water stress situation all over the globe.
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